How does battery explosion proof valve work - Wuxi Sinceriend New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

Battery safety has always been a core concern in energy storage and power supply fields, and the explosion-proof valve plays a crucial role as a key safety component. Its core function is to prevent catastrophic accidents caused by abnormal internal pressure buildup in batteries, forming the last line of defense for battery operation safety. To understand its working mechanism, we need to trace the root cause of battery internal pressure changes and the corresponding response process of the explosion-proof valve.

Pressure Buildup Under Abnormal Conditions

During normal operation, batteries maintain a stable internal environment.
Under abnormal conditions (overcharging, short circuit, high-temperature exposure), chemical reactions become violent.
These reactions generate large amounts of gas, accumulating inside the sealed battery case.
Gradual pressure increase can lead to deformation, leakage, explosion, or fire if not released.

Design and Function of the Explosion-Proof Valve

Integrated into the battery case with a special structure combining sealing and pressure sensitivity.
Closed under normal pressure to ensure airtightness and prevent electrolyte leakage.
Blocks external moisture and dust, maintaining normal battery performance.
Pressure-sensitive structure activates when internal pressure reaches preset threshold.

Pressure Relief Mechanism

Pressure-sensitive structure uses specific mechanical materials or weakened design.
At critical pressure, controlled deformation or rupture creates gas escape channel.
Escaped gas reduces internal pressure rapidly, preventing case expansion.
Some valves reset to closed state; others remain open for complete pressure relief.

Critical Balance: Sealing vs. Pressure Relief

The explosion-proof valve must balance the contradiction between sealing and pressure relief. Its structural design must ensure normal operation under standard conditions while accurately responding to abnormal pressure changes. The rationality of this design directly determines the safety performance of the battery, making the explosion-proof valve an indispensable component in modern battery systems.